Take your learning to the next level. The information provided on this page is to give you the opportunity to further broaden your knowledge on the topic of companion animal care. You can pick and choose from the suggestions below and follow your own personal interests.
In case you want a reminder about the key legislation in New Zealand that protects animals:
The New Zealand Animal Welfare Strategy
This website has more information about diseases that we have not included in the learning content, which you may find useful to read about:
Common Pet Health Issues | Ardmore Animal Hospital (ardmoreah.com)
This NZ based website also has additional information about common health issues in pets:
Common Health Concerns (rawessentials.co.nz)
Purina NZ has lots of blog articles about animal health. Here’s the link to one about dogs and once on the website you can search for information about our other companion animals as well:
Common Health Concerns (rawessentials.co.nz)
These vet websites provide a summary of the learning content on infectious diseases:
Can you catch a disease from your pet? - Auckland Pet Hospital
Zoonoses - Cambridge Vets
Zoonotic Disease around the Dairy Farm - Vetlife
What’s it like for a human to catch a zoonotic disease? This Stuff article could be informative reading:
The zoonotic disease farmers need to know about | Stuff
This leaflet from MPI is a little formal in its writing tone, but has some useful further information:
Exotic pest and disease focus for companion animal vets (mpi.govt.nz)
Here’s further information about cat and dog body scores:
Cat Body Conditioning Score
Dog Body Conditioning Score
This website looks at the normal range of animal vital signs for cats and dogs:
Normal Vital Signs in Dogs and Cats - Mount Pleasant Veterinary Group
This website provides a good review of the learning content, plus has videos and extra download information sheets:
Learn How To Assess Normal Animal Vital Signs | Your Vet Online
We’ve talked about preparing for emergencies when you have a pet before. Here’s another kit you can prepare at home:
Preparing a Pet First Aid Kit (youtube.com)
The following videos are both one hour long tutorials that go into animal first aid in depth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGfg3V_pqsA
First Aid for Pets: How to Prepare for the Unexpected (youtube.com)
A reminder about the legal responsibilities humans have towards animals in their care:
Guide to the Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Regulations | NZ Government (mpi.govt.nz)
This article approaches things from a different angle than the learning content and will be relevant for people caring for sick pets at home:
Caring For Yourself When Caring for a Sick Pet: One Researcher’s Mission | Kent State University
When working in the animal care industry there are a lot of observations, diagnoses, treatments and wellbeing recordings that are required to be recorded. The industry has many accepted and common abbreviations that are used across the field. Below you will find some of the most common ones.
Medication dosing and feeding abbreviations
| TERM | EXPLANATION |
|---|---|
| Ad lib | As desired e.g., feed ad lib |
| Bid or b.i.d | To be given twice a day – usually 12 hours apart |
| Eod | Every other day, every second day. |
| mcg | Microgram(s) |
| mg | Milligram(s) |
| min | Minute(s) |
| mL | milliliter(s) |
| mm | millimeter(s) |
| mol | mole(s) – most commonly seen when recording blood glucose results |
| mn | nanometer(s) |
| NPO | Nil per os – nothing by mouth including food, water, and medication |
| PD | Polydipsia – increased or excessive water consumption. |
| PO | Per os – orally |
| Pr | Per rectum |
| PRN or p.r.n. | As occasion arises (as needed) [Latin] Pro re nata |
| PU | Polyuria – increased or excessive urine production |
| Qh | To be given every hour, q4h – To be given every four hours, q8h – To be given every 8 hours |
| Qid or q.i.d | To be given four times a day |
| sec | second(s) |
| Sid or s.i.d | To be given once a day |
| TDN | total digestible nutrients |
| Tid or t.i.d | To be given three times a day |
Monitoring Abbreviations
| TERM | EXPLANATION |
|---|---|
| BAR | Bright, alert, and responsive |
| BCS | Body Condition Score |
| BP | Blood Pressure |
| Bpm | Beats per minute – used for heart rate and pulse rate recording |
| BM | Bowel movement |
| BW | Body weight- the weight of an animal usually |
| C | Celsius - temperature |
| cf | In comparison to. e.g., Pup small cf littermates. |
| CRT | Capillary refill time |
| Cx | Clinical sign |
| DDx | Differential Diagnosis |
| dw | Dry weight |
| EDDU | Eat, drink, defecate, urinate or eating, drinking, defecating, urinating. |
| HR | Heart rate |
| Hx | History e.g., Patient has Hx of vomiting after eating |
| ME | Metabolizable energy – used in feed calculations |
| MM | Mucous membrane |
| NAD | No abnormalities detected |
| NWB | Non-weight bearing |
| QAR | Quiet, alert, and responsive |
| QOL | Quality of life – an assessment of the animal’s quality taking into consideration normal functions, temperament, happiness, mobility, and joy. |
| RER | Resting energy requirement– used in feed calculations |
| RR | Respiratory Rate |
| TRP | Temperature, Pulse, Respiration |
| Wt | Weight – body weight of animal |
Disease and Treatment Abbreviations
| TERM | EXPLANATION |
|---|---|
| Abs | Antibiotics – drugs used to treat bacterial infections |
| BB | datella bronchiseptica (vaccine). |
| C3 | Canine 3 vaccine - Distemper, Hepatitis and Parvovirus |
| C4 | Canine 4 vaccine - Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus and Parainfluenza |
| C5 | Canine 5 vaccine - Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus, Parainfluenza and Bordatella bronchiseptica |
| C7 | Canine 7 vaccine - Leptospirosis, Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus, Parainfluenza and Bordatella bronchiseptica |
| Canine Cough | Colloquialism for a group of bacterial and or viruses that cause a cough in dogs. Contagious disease. |
| CBA | Cat fight bite |
| CDV | Canine distemper virus |
| CFA | Cat fight abscess |
| DOA | Dead on arrival |
| CPV | Canine parvovirus |
| DHP | Distemper, Hepatitis and Parvovirus – Used for C3 vaccine as it covers these 3 viruses |
| DJD | Degenerative joint disease |
| Dsp | Dessert spoon e.g., fed dsp of canned food+ |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| EAGs | Express anal glands or empty anal glands |
| E-collar | Elizabethan Collar |
| EFA | Essential fatty acid |
| F3 | Feline 3 vaccine - Enteritis, Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Chlamydia |
| F4 | Feline 4 vaccine - Enteritis, Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus OR Feline 4 vaccine - Enteritis, Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Feline Leukemia |
| F5 | Feline 5 vaccine - Feline Panleucopenia Virus, Feline Herpesvirus, Feline Calicivirus, Chlamydophila psittaci and Feline Leukemia Virus |
| FAD | Flea allergy dermatitis |
| FCV | Feline calicivirus |
| FeLV | Feline leukemia virus |
| FIA | Feline infectious anemia |
| FIP | Feline infectious peritonitis |
| FIV | Feline immunodeficiency virus |
| fLUTD | Feline lower urinary tract disease |
| FRV | Feline rhinotracheitis virus |
| FVRCP | Feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia – Used for vaccine |
| fx | Fracture (Break in bone or tooth) |
| GDV | Gastric dilatation-volvulus |
| GI | Gastrointestinal (tract) |
| HBC | Hit by car |
| HS | Bedtime |
| HW | Heartworm |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| IC | Intracardiac |
| ICH | Infectious canine hepatitis |
| ID | Intradermal |
| IGR | Insect growth regulators |
| IM | Intramuscular |
| IN | Intranasal |
| IU | International unit – unit of measure used for some drugs, most commonly insulin |
| IV | Intravenous |
| IVDD | Intervertebral disc disease |
| KBH | Kicked by horse |
| KC | Kennel Cough: best practice is to use term Canine Cough however, some vaccination brands term it this way. |
| LA | Large Animal |
| MS | Musculoskeletal (system) |
| NSAID | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, these are drugs commonly used for pain management. Should never be used in conjunction with Steroids In most cases must be given with food. |
| OA | Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease |
| OP | Organophosphates |
| OTC | Over the counter – sale of products that do not require a prescription. |
| OVH | Ovariohysterectomy – Surgical removal of ovaries, fallopian tube, uterine horn, and body. Desexing of female. |
| PBFD | Psittacine beak and feather disease |
| PE | Physical examination |
| PRA | Progressive retinal atrophy |
| PTS | Put to sleep (Euthanasia, medically assisted death) |
| RCD | Rabbit calicivirus disease (rabbit haemorrhagic disease) |
| r/s,s/r, s/o | Remove sutures e.g., r/s 10 days |
| r/v, RV, rv | Revisit e.g., r/v 10 days. |
| Rx | Prescription or prescribed |
| SA | Small animal |
| SBL | Sick bird look |
| SC, s/c, SQ, subcut or Sub Q | Subcutaneous |
| SDS | Safety Data Sheet |
| SOP | Standard operating procedure |
| Sx | Surgery |
| Tbsp | Tablespoon |
| TGA | Therapeutic Goods Administration |
| Tsp | Teaspoon |
| TLC | Tender loving care |
| Tx | Treatment |
| US | Urine sample |
| UTBH, UTH | Unable To Be Handled |
| UTI | Urinary tract infection |
| WNL | Within Normal Limits |
| - | Minus or absence e.g., U- (absence of urine) |
| + | Plus. Used to denote severity. + mild, ++ moderate, +++ severe. E.g., Fleas +++ would indicate a very high number of fleas present on animal |
| ^ | Value is increased e.g., ^ Bw over last 2 months of 5kg. |
| # | Fracture |
| µg | microgram |
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