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Kaupapa Māori
Image: Miss Thomas (n.d.). Maori garden. Available at: https://www.travelblog.org/Photos/7351869 [Accessed 2 May 2023].
Hutchings, J. & Smith, J. (Eds.) (2020). Te mahi oneone Hua Parakore: A Māori soil sovereignty and wellbeing handbook. Freerange Press, Christchurch, NZ.
Happen Films. (2021, July 15). Building indigenous food sovereignty with the Hua Parakore organic framework. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3qMIFQLK8
Soil Components
“Soil Structure.” n.d. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e07.htm. [Accessed January 31, 2023.]
ID McKee (n.d.). Available at: http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20McKee,%20E.D.%20%20316 [Accessed 2 May 2023].
Image: “Clay.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2023 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clay&oldid=1142322550. [Accessed March 1, 2023]
“Soil Science 230 FAQ: Basic Soils and Land Use.” n.d. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Available at: https://soilsfacstaff.cals.wisc.edu/facstaff/bleam/SS230_FAQ98A.html. [Accessed 8 March 2023,].
Image: TheAlphaWolf, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons Available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hyphae.JPG [Accessed 02 May 2023].
Soil Properties
Image: Neutrog ed., (n.d.). neutrog-hydrophobic-soil. Available at: Anon, (n.d.). How to improve hydrophobic soil – Neutrog Australia. [online] Available at: https://neutrog.com.au/2019/12/05/how-to-improve-hydrophobic-soil/. [Accessed 16 May 2023]
Quote: Anon, (n.d.). How to improve hydrophobic soil – Neutrog Australia. [online] Available at: https://neutrog.com.au/2019/12/05/how-to-improve-hydrophobic-soil/. [Accessed 16 May 2023]
“Nitrogen Fixation.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrogen_fixation&oldid=1142754152. [Accessed March 4, 2023]
Wikipedia contributors. 2022. “Nitrogenase.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. November 11, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrogenase&oldid=1121221079. [Accessed 02 May 2023]
People, Our. 2020. “What’s the Soil Food Web?” Bragato Research Institute. August 9, 2020. https://bri.co.nz/2020/08/10/soil-food-web/. [Accessed 02 May, 2023]
image: Kahukiwa, R. (n.d.). Hinetītama . Available at: https://teara.govt.nz/en/artwork/31551/hinetitama [Accessed 3 May 2023].
image: Pye, A.S. (2015). Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandy_soil_on_track_and_field_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4440394.jpg licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
“Loam.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. February 26, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loam&oldid=1141764789.
“Silt.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silt&oldid=1140884107. [Accessed February 22, 2023.]
“Sediment.” n.d. . https://www.es.govt.nz/environment/water/whats-in-our-waterways/sediment. [Accessed March 8, 2023]
image: McKee (2009). Scanning electron microscope photograph of smectite clay - magnification 23,500 - U.S. Geological Survey - Tuckup Canyon. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clay_magnified.jpg E.D. 316, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. [Accessed 3 May 2023].
Soil Structure
image content: “New Zealand Soil Classification (NZSC).” n.d. . https://soils.landcareresearch.co.nz/topics/soil-classification/nzsc/. [Accessed March 20, 2023]
“Soil Structure.” n.d. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e07.htm. [Accessed January 31, 2023.]
“Soil Permeability.” n.d. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e09.htm [Accessed March 13, 2023.]
Table images: Rai, R. K., V. P. Singh, and A. Upadhyay. 2017. “Soil Analysis.” In Planning and Evaluation of Irrigation Projects: Methods and Implementation, 505–23.
“Claypan.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. January 29, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claypan&oldid=113626553 [Accessed 04 May 2023].
“Keeping pH in the Right Range Is Essential.” 2021. Life at OSU. July 23, 2021. https://today.oregonstate.edu/news/keeping-ph-right-range-essential. [Accessed 04 May 2023]
Infographic: Roques, Susie, S. Kendall, K. Smith, P. newell-price, and P. m. Berry. 2013. “Review of the Non-NPKS Nutrient Requirements of UK Cereals and Oilseed Rape,” January. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277669269_Review_of_the_non-NPKS_nutrient_requirements_of_UK_cereals_and_oilseed_rape. [Accessed 04 May 2023]
United States Geological Survey. n.d. “pH Scale.” USGS. https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/ph-scale-0. [Accessed January 29, 2023.]
The State of Queensland. n.d. “Soil Colour.” Available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-properties/colour. [Accessed March 13, 2023.]
“New Zealand Soil Classification (NZSC).” n.d. Available at https://soils.landcareresearch.co.nz/topics/soil-classification/nzsc/. [Accessed March 20, 2023.]
“New Zealand Soils in a Nutshell.” n.d. Available at https://soils.landcareresearch.co.nz/topics/understanding-soils/nz-soils/. [Accessed March 20, 2023.]
Singleton, Peter, and Environment Waikato. n.d. “Soil Definitions and Properties.” NZ Soils. . http://www.nzsoils.org.nz/Topic-Basics_Of_Soils/Soil-Definitions-and-Properties/. [Accessed March 8, 2023]
Soil Tests
www.hill-laboratories.com. (n.d.). Technical Notes | Hill Laboratories - NZ. [online] Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/client-resources-2/technical-notes/ [Accessed 9 May 2023].
Cavigelli, M.A. and Smith, J.L., 2003. Use of soil microbial potential activity to predict the anaerobic mineralization of nitrogen. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38(4), pp.246-251. DOI: 10.1007/s00374-003-0654-x. [Accessed 9 May 2023]
Hill Laboratories (n.d.) ‘Technical note: Soil tests for pH’. Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/assets/Documents/Technical-Notes/Agriculture/36889v2-Technical-Note-Soil-Tests-for-pH.pdf. [Accessed 9 May 2023]
Hill Laboratories (n.d.) ‘Technical note: Soil tests & interpretation’. Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/assets/Documents/Guides/3196v5-Technical-Note-Soil-Tests-and-Interpretation.pdf. [Accessed 1 March 2023]
Hill Laboratories (n.d.) ‘Technical note: Soil phosphorous tests’. Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/assets/Documents/Technical-Notes/Agriculture/26049v3-Technical-Note-Soil-Phosphorus-Tests.pdf. [Accessed 1 March 2023]
Hill Laboratories (n.d.) ‘Technical note: Soil and plant tests for lifestyle blocks, small holdings and home gardens’. Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/assets/Documents/Technical-Notes/Agriculture/27376v8-Technical-Note-Soil-and-Plant-Tests-for-Lifestyle-blocks-Small-Holdings-and-Home-Gardens.pdf. [Accessed 1 March 2023]
Hill Laboratories (n.d.) ‘Technical note: Soil tests & interpretation’. Available at: https://www.hill-laboratories.com/assets/Documents/Guides/3196v5-Technical-Note-Soil-Tests-and-Interpretation.pdf. [Accessed 1 March 2023]
Roques, Susie, S. Kendall, K. Smith, P. newell-price, and P. m. Berry. 2013. “Review of the Non-NPKS Nutrient Requirements of UK Cereals and Oilseed Rape,” January. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277669269_Review_of_the_non-NPKS_nutrient_requirements_of_UK_cereals_and_oilseed_rape.
Image: Masterclass Articles ed., (2021). what-does-lime-do-to-soil. Available at: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-does-lime-do-to-soil [Accessed 10 May 2023].
Image: Baldwin, M. (n.d.). Compost. Available at: https://www.bhg.com/gardening/yard/compost/how-to-compost/ [Accessed 10 May 2023].
Maintaining and protecting healthy soil
“Chapter 3: Our Activities and Their Effects.” 2021. Ministry for the Environment. 15 April, 2021. https://environment.govt.nz/publications/our-land-2021/chapter-3-our-activities-and-their-effects/.
Jon, M. 2019. “What Happens to Plants If Soil pH Is Too Low (or Too High?).” GreenUpSide (blog). June 8, 2019. https://greenupside.com/what-happens-to-plants-if-soil-ph-is-too-low-or-too-high/.
Administrator, B.R.I. (2020). What’s the soil food web? [online] Bragato Research Institute. Available at: https://bri.co.nz/2020/08/10/soil-food-web/. [Accessed 10 May 2023]
Preparing a Garden Bed
“Hügelkultur.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. January 29, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelkultur&oldid=1136337289. [accessed 2 March 2023]
Chalker-Scott, L. 2017. “Hugelkultur: What Is It, and Should It Be Used in Home Gardens?” https://hdl.handle.net/2376/12233
Planting Trees and Shrubs
“Large Tree Planting Guide.” n.d. Accessed at https://tuigarden.co.nz/inspiration-hub/ideas-and-inspiration/large-tree-planting-guide/. [Accessed March 17, 2023.]
