Appropriate Workplace Conduct

Submitted by coleen.yan@edd… on Mon, 05/15/2023 - 14:01

When you have secured employment within the Animal Care Industry you will be expected to abide by a variety of stipulations that ensure animals are cared for ethically, customers/clients receive high-quality products and services, employees appropriately conduct themselves and individual tasks are competently performed.

There are also other laws that protect your rights as an employee, these regulations must be followed by your employer/workplace. This broad collection of stipulations is known as Workplace Governance.

Sub Topics

Workplaces are governed by several pieces of legislation, known as Acts. Acts can either be administered at the Federal or the State Government level. Acts are further supported by Regulations and Industry Codes of Practice. At the workplace level, there are Codes of Conduct and Policies and Procedures.

A diagram depicting the scope of the different codes of conduct
  1. Acts - Formal descriptions of laws created by Parliament (Federal or State). Enforceable by the judicial system (police/courts).
  2. Regulations - Specific guidelines on how to apply the laws contained in an Act. Not usually enforceable by law in their own right.
  3. Industry Codes of Practice - Developed by industry associations. Best practice guidelines for the industry. Usually linked to membership or registration and may be audited.
  4. Workplace Code of Conduct - Specific to individual workplaces. Outlines ethical work practices. Often includes the business Vision and Mission.
  5. Policies and Procedures - Provides employees with guidelines on completing tasks.

Most of the legislation and regulations relevant to the animal care industry are administered at the State Government level. The Federal Government mainly concerns itself with the welfare of animals being live-exported internationally and export-accredited abattoirs. This means that there is some variety regarding the different stipulations in each state. If your workplace operates over numerous states or territories, ensure you are familiar with the relevant laws in your particular state. Industry codes of practice are more likely to be administered at a national level.

The main Acts (and a broad summary of their contents) that may be relevant to you are outlined in the following table.

Animal Welfare / Prevention of Cruelty Welfare principles, Humane slaughter, Research animals, Captivity requirements, Cruelty prevention, and Penalties.
Workplace Health and Safety Employer and employee duty of care, Incident notification, Hazard identification, Inspection, and Enforcement measures.
Environmental Protection Conservation, Wildlife protection, Water, air and noise pollution, Hazardous waste, and Penalties.

The following map of Australia provides you with various links to each legislation. Click on the icon in your relevant state/territory on the image below, in the pop-up box refer to the website link to view/download a copy of your local Animal Welfare / Prevention of Cruelty, Workplace Health and Safety, or Environmental Protection legislation.

Other applicable legislation/regulations include:

  • Privacy (State-administered) - Collection and storage of personal information, use and disclosure of personal information.
  • Anti-Discriminatory Laws (State-administered with some elements that come under Federal administration) - Protection against discrimination based on age, disability, race, sex, intersex status, gender identity and sexual orientation

Examples of an Industry Code of Practice include:

Minimum pay rates and conditions of employment within a particular industry are outlined within a Modern Award. These documents are part of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Federally administered) and the National Employment Standards (Federally administered), which ensure that all workers (in every industry) are treated fairly and paid correctly.

You must be aware of the contents of the Modern Award for your industry or know how to access the necessary information. If you believe you are not being paid correctly or are being treated unfairly, the Fair Work Ombudsman website provides information and support regarding Awards and Employee Entitlements: Fairwork.

The current Modern Award covering people in the Animal Care Industry is the Animal Care and Veterinary Services Award 2020. Although you may be employed under a different type of award if your workplace is in a more specialised field.

You may also be employed under an Enterprise Agreement (EA), also known as an Enterprise Bargaining Agreement (EBA). These agreements are formed at the workplace (enterprise) level between the employer, the employees and often their union. It sets out the terms and conditions of employment. EAs cannot pay less than the minimum wage in the applicable Modern Award and often they have terms, conditions, perks and pay rates that are higher than the award.

A Code of Conduct is developed by an individual organisation and often outlines, in one document, how the business maintains its ethical work practices. Examples of ethical work practices are:

  • honesty
  • integrity
  • promise-keeping & Trustworthiness
  • loyalty; Fairness
  • concern for others
  • law-abiding
  • commitment to excellence
  • leadership
  • reputation and morale
  • accountability

Staff are often required to read and agree to abide by the specifications of the Code of Conduct which may outline behavioural and presentation standards for employees. Smaller organisations may not have a separate Code of Conduct rather individual ethical work practices may simply be embedded into individual policies and procedures.

Policies and procedures are developed by an individual organisation or even a specific department within that organisation and usually relate to a specific topic or individual task. They provide overarching guidelines and step by step processes respectively.

Policies

Standards or regulations put in place by an organisation. They can be presented in hard or digital copy and should always be accessible within the workplace. Policies often stipulate how the workplace will be implementing and abiding by relevant legislation, for example, a workplace may have a Privacy Policy or an Anti-Discrimination / Equal Opportunity Policy. Generally, workplace policies are implemented by a set of procedures.

Examples of workplace policies that you may be required to abide by are illustrated in the following table.

Animal Welfare Includes feeding and watering, animal handling, housing setup and maintenance, exercise, and socialisation needs
Environmental Sustainability Includes proper use and disposal of potentially hazardous substances and reducing energy/water use.
Infection Control Includes clinical waste disposal, handwashing techniques, and aseptic technique.
Cleaning and Hygiene includes cleaning schedules, cleaning techniques, cleaning equipment, and sanitising agents.
Workplace Health and Safety includes the duty of care for employers and employees, evacuation procedures, and hazard/risk control.
Anti-Discrimination and Anti Bullying includes the protection of employees regardless of disability, race, gender, religion, nationality, sexual orientation.
Privacy Includes provisions for the protection of employee and client personal information.

Procedures

Procedures, otherwise known as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), are detailed documents that outline how to complete a task step-by-step safely and effectively. SOPs are easy to follow and include details such as potential health and safety issues and control methods for minimising the risk associated with potential hazards. SOPs ensure that existing staff members are completing workplace tasks with consistency and that all new staff members are aware of organisational standards and requirements. SOPs should be readily available to all staff members and consulted when completing an unfamiliar task.

Task checklists

Checklists are used in the workplace to ensure that certain duties such as maintenance and/or cleaning tasks are completed as required. Task lists may be divided into separate checklists based on the frequency with which the task is required to be completed (for example, daily, weekly, or monthly lists) or they can be divided into separate room lists. For example, a veterinary clinic may have separate checklists for tasks to be completed in the surgery room, consulting room, waiting area and so on. When you are working from a checklist, you must consult your workplace SOPs to effectively complete any unfamiliar tasks. You must date and sign your name once you complete any task from a checklist, so your colleagues are aware that the task has been completed for that day, week, or month. This ensures others are not wasting time by repeating cleaning or maintenance tasks.

An employee for in charge of an animal shelter

It is inevitable at some point supplies may start to run low. Supplies in an Animal Care facility can range from but are not limited to any of the following:

Medical supplies

  • bandages
  • medication
  • antiseptics
  • parasite control
  • syringes
  • gloves
  • masks.

Cleaning products

  • disinfectants
  • detergents
  • solvents
  • sanitisers.

Grooming products

  • shampoos
  • conditioners
  • colognes

Food and litter

  • cat litter
  • dry food for overnight stay.

Many of these supplies are crucial to the daily operation and running of an Animal Care facility, it is essential they always remain in stock and accessible. If there is a low quantity of stock, this could have implications on how the clinic or salon operates throughout the day. We can never predict what kind of patients will be admitted and for what reasons. It is essential, all relevant supplies are ready on hand to respond to any type of situation.

The Ark De Noah’s Stock Supply List to view an example of what a stock list may look like. The example is very basic with fictional prices and identification numbers on it. The clinic or facility you work in will have its own templates that will look different to the example provided.

Stock supply

Staff all have access to the stock supply list and have a responsibility to check the stock supplies and documents the quantities and place the order when necessary.

Ark De Noah’s Stock Supply List
Stock Item ID Stock name Quantity in stock Reorder date Price Restocked Comments
B1000 Bandages 150 22.10.21 $1.50/item Yes No  
G1000 Examination gloves 10 boxes 22.10.21 $60.00/item Yes No 300 gloves per box
SG1000 Surgical gloves 10 boxes 22.10.21 $33.00/item Yes No 100 gloves per box
KL1000 Cat litter 2 bags 22.10.21 $60.00/item Yes No 90L bag

Monitoring supplies

One of the best ways to monitor the supplies is through regular checklists outlining the number of supplies that have been used. The checklist should stipulate the minimum of each supply to indicate when it needs to be replenished. It is also important to ensure medications that have been bought in larger quantities have their dates checked before they are used to ensure they have not expired, and if so, they are correctly disposed of and replenished immediately. If a medication supply is low on stock and within the stipulated use-by date, this medication should be used before opening new stock. An easy way to ensure this is used first before expiration is to store the medication at the front of the place of storage- and apply first in first out and last in last out where possible.

Stocking up methods

Methods of stocking up on supplies vary depending on the clinic’s procedures. For example, a clinic may use a computer system where orders are recurring each month for supplies. Regular audits of when supplies run low can help determine how regularly these orders should be generated. In the event you are running low on any stock, adjustments will need to be made to the orders to ensure they arrive when they are needed, and the monthly supply is not compromised. If orders are not adjusted, you end up with too much stock and at risk of waste.

Some clinics may use paper systems where they record their supplies on a checklist that is accessible to all staff. When staff notice supply is running low, they will be required to fill out the checklist and submit it to management to place a supply order. With technology evolving, computer-generated checklists and orders are more than likely common practice within most clinics.

A roster is generally a list or plan of hours to be worked by each employee on any given day. Rosters exist to ensure an appropriate number of employees will be available for the duration of an organisation's trading hours. Rosters are generally produced by senior staff members or management in consultation with employees. It is in the best interest of management to ensure a healthy work-life balance can be maintained around an employee's work hours. Clear and detailed rosters ensure there is no confusion, and all employees will be present for their shifts. Rosters may also detail an employee's total number of hours for the period indicated. The roster must follow the requirements of the Animal care and Veterinary services award.

Quality Assurance is the process of maintaining compliance with the various sections of workplace governance. Examples of a quality assurance framework include any of the following.

  • Internal and external auditing.
  • Applying for and maintaining accreditation/registration with an industry association.
  • Training sessions and testing/assessment.
  • Policy and procedure manuals.
  • Employee performance reviews.

Workplaces can manage their Quality Assurance processes internally or they can work with a specialist consulting company. Some industries are more regulated than others and therefore the level of quality assurance may be more stringent and ramifications for non-compliance quite severe.

Record Keeping and Privacy

As part of your duties, you may be required to gather personal information from clients. This may include:

Type of information Example
Contact Information
  • Addresses
  • Phone Numbers
  • Email Addresses
Financial Information
  • Credit Card Numbers
  • Bank Details
  • Payment History
  • Credit Checks
Animal Profile Information
  • Identifying Characteristics
  • Registration Status
  • Microchip number
Animal Health Care Information
  • Vaccination History
  • Medical Procedures
  • Preventative health records

The main consideration you need to abide by regarding record keeping and privacy is the security of this personal information. Always ensure that you do the following:

  • Keep paper-based records in locked filing cabinets/drawers.
  • Use passwords for computerised programs such as databases and maintain password security.
  • Proofread all outgoing correspondence, especially emails, to ensure the recipient is the correct person. If you are sending emails to multiple clients, ensure you have blind copies of all recipients to keep emails private and confidential.

What you will come to learn as you work in the animal care industry, there are several risks and hazards that come with the job. Animals can sometimes be unpredictable, especially if they are not properly socialized, in pain or ill, have been subjected to abuse, some may even be wild animals or venomous. Regardless of the circumstance, you must always exercise the appropriate level of caution to ensure your safety and the safety of the animals.

To ensure your safety, it is important you recognise these hazards and risks and appropriately implement and adhere to the controls that are in place to keep you safe.

The following table illustrates the common types (not limited) of hazards, examples and controls that can be implemented for safety

Type of hazard Examples Control
Animals
  • dogs
  • cats
  • snakes
  • horses
  • assess the animal's state before attempting to handle it
  • training in handling animals
  • ask a more experienced colleague to demonstrate to help you
  • use of personal protective equipment
Hazardous substances and chemicals
  • animal medications
  • anesthetics
  • sterilising chemicals
  • cleaning products
  • solvents
  • ensure you have read the SDS
  • Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, aprons, goggles, face masks
Radiation
  • X-rays
  • protected with appropriate shielding devices such as protective gloves and aprons
  • positioned so that no part of their body could be in the path of the x-ray beam
  • No single person should routinely be asked to hold animals for an x-ray
  • where possible anaesthetise animals before x-ray to minimise the need for a person to hold the animal during an x-ray
  • X-ray rooms should be provided with sufficient radiation shielding
  • animal care x-ray facilities should be inspected every three years
Sharps
  • Needles
  • scalpels
  • scissors
  • dispose of in the correct sharp's container
  • appropriately store items
Manual handling
  • lifting animals
  • replenishing stocks of tinned and dry food
  • stacking boxes
  • apply appropriate lifting techniques
  • ensure stock supplies meet the recommended weight
  • do not stack boxes unevenly or too high 
  • use equipment where items are too heavy
  • seek help from others if items are too heavy and cannot be carried on your own.
Slips, trips, and falls
  • wet floors
  • spills
  • animals under feet
  • boxes not appropriately stored
  • mop up the spill
  • erect wet floor sign after the floor has been mopped or identified as wet
  • ensure animals are on a leash and not roaming the clinic where they can become trip hazards
  • do not leave boxes in walkways or doorways
  • ensure walkways are clear of obstructions
Biological hazards
  • viruses
  • allergens
  • bacteria
  • regularly disinfect and sanitize examination areas
  • practice appropriate and regular handwashing and sanitizing
  • wear appropriate PPE including masks, disposable aprons, and gloves
  • isolate infected animals in the isolation ward with designated staff
  • ensure all bedding is disposable or washed separately
Zoonotic diseases
  • scabies
  • ringworm
  • salmonella
  • Q fever
  • Hendra Virus
  • Psittacosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • admit the animal with the suspected disease to the isolation ward
  • maintain disinfecting and sanitization of the area
  • practice regular handwashing and sanitizing
  • wear appropriate PPE including disposable protective clothing, gloves, shoe covers, face masks and shields
Bodily fluids
  • urine
  • vomit
  • blood
  • faeces
  • mucus
  • wear appropriate PPE including aprons, gloves, masks
  • use separate mop and bucket to clean areas soiled with bodily fluids
  • practice appropriate handwashing
  • dispose of bedding appropriately in labelled bins or wash separately
Noise
  • exposure to screeching and barking
  • dryers for grooming
  • hearing protection such as ear plugs or earmuffs
Work postures
  • slouching
  • poor ergonomic equipment
  • ensure equipment is ergonomic and appropriate for use
Moving parts from machinery
  • Scissor tables
  • Keep hands and body parts away from moving parts

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